Celecoxib: What it treats and how to use it safely

Celecoxib is a COX-2 inhibitor most doctors prescribe for pain and inflammation from arthritis, menstrual cramps, or short-term acute pain. It can cut pain while being gentler on the stomach than some older NSAIDs, but it’s not free of risks. Here’s what you need to know in plain language.

How it works: celecoxib blocks the COX-2 enzyme that makes inflammatory chemicals. That lowers swelling, stiffness, and pain without affecting COX-1 as much — the reason some people tolerate it better than ibuprofen or naproxen.

Common doses and simple tips

Typical doses vary by condition. For osteoarthritis many people take 100 mg once or twice daily. For rheumatoid arthritis or more severe pain, doctors often use 100–200 mg twice a day. Acute pain regimens may start with 200 mg followed by 100 mg every 12 hours. Most sources cap total daily dose at 400 mg.

Take celecoxib with food to reduce stomach upset. Don’t double up doses if you miss one — stick to your prescribed schedule. Always use the lowest effective dose for the shortest time that controls symptoms.

Side effects and what to watch for

Common side effects: stomach pain, indigestion, nausea, headache, dizziness, or swelling (fluid retention). Many people notice none or mild issues, but some effects need quick attention.

Serious risks include increased chance of heart attack or stroke, especially if you use high doses or take it long-term and have heart disease or risk factors like high blood pressure or smoking. Celecoxib can also cause serious stomach bleeding, though that risk is generally lower than with nonselective NSAIDs.

Stop and call a doctor right away if you get chest pain, sudden weakness, slurred speech, shortness of breath, black or bloody stools, or sudden severe stomach pain.

Important drug interactions: celecoxib can raise bleeding risk with blood thinners (warfarin), affect kidney function with ACE inhibitors or diuretics, and increase lithium or methotrexate levels. Don’t combine it with other NSAIDs or high-dose aspirin without your doctor’s okay.

Who should avoid it: people with recent heart bypass surgery, active stomach ulcers, severe heart failure, or severe liver/renal disease usually shouldn’t take celecoxib. Avoid in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Buying and safety tips: celecoxib requires a prescription in most places. If you order online, use a licensed pharmacy that asks for a prescription. Check the medicine’s packaging, expiration, and storage instructions.

Bottom line: celecoxib can be a good option for many kinds of pain, but treat it like any other prescription — follow the dose, check interactions, and talk to your doctor about long-term risks and regular monitoring like blood pressure and kidney tests.