NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are the go-to medicines for pain, fever, and inflammation. You probably know ibuprofen and naproxen—those are NSAIDs. They work fast for headaches, muscle aches, period pain, and minor injuries because they block chemicals that cause pain and swelling.
Not all NSAIDs are equal. Over-the-counter options include ibuprofen (200 mg tablets) and naproxen (220 mg tablets). Prescription NSAIDs and higher doses treat more serious conditions like arthritis. There are also topical NSAIDs, like diclofenac gel, that target pain in a specific spot with less effect on your whole body.
Start with the lowest dose that helps, and use them for the shortest time you need. For typical OTC ibuprofen, adults often take 200–400 mg every 4–6 hours, not exceeding 1,200 mg per day unless a doctor says otherwise. Naproxen OTC is usually 220 mg every 8–12 hours, with a common OTC max near 660 mg/day. Read the label—dosing rules vary by product and age.
Take NSAIDs with food or a glass of milk to reduce stomach upset. Don’t mix two different NSAIDs; combining them raises risks without much extra benefit. If you need pain relief but can’t take NSAIDs, acetaminophen (paracetamol) is an alternative for pain and fever—but it doesn’t reduce inflammation.
Topical options can work well for sore joints or tendons. They often cause less stomach or kidney stress because less of the drug enters the bloodstream.
If you have a history of stomach ulcers, bleeding, kidney disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, or use blood thinners, talk to a doctor before taking NSAIDs. They can raise blood pressure, reduce kidney function, and increase bleeding risk. Combining NSAIDs with anticoagulants, SSRI antidepressants (like sertraline), corticosteroids, or certain blood pressure medicines can be risky.
Pregnant people should avoid NSAIDs in the third trimester. Older adults are more vulnerable to side effects, so lower doses and monitoring are wise.
Watch for warning signs: severe stomach pain, black or tarry stools, sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, swelling in the legs, or a big drop in urine output. If you notice any of these, stop the medicine and seek medical care.
If you’re unsure about which pain option fits your health profile, ask your pharmacist or clinician. Small changes—using a topical product, choosing a short course, or switching to acetaminophen—can reduce risk while keeping you comfortable.
Want specific tips for conditions like period pain, arthritis, or post-surgery aches? Browse our site guides or ask a pharmacist for a quick, personalized recommendation.
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